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Charles Davis Tillman
Charles Davis Tillman (1861 March 20, Tallassee, Alabama – 1943 September 2, Atlanta, Georgia)—also known as Charlie D. Tillman, Charles Tillman, Charlie Tillman, and C. D. Tillman—was a popularizer of the gospel song. He had a knack for adopting material from eclectic sources and flowing it into the mix now known as southern gospel, becoming one of the formative influences on that genre.〔See southern gospel and James David Vaughan.〕
The youngest son of Baptist preacher James Lafayette Tillman and Mary (Davis) Tillman, for 14 years prior to 1887 he painted houses, sold sheet music for a company in Raleigh, North Carolina, and peddled Wizard Oil.〔For a description of Wizard Oil, see (Hamlin's Wizard Oil ) and site tabs. Note its association with songbooks.〕 In 1887 he focused his career more on his church and musical talents, singing first tenor in a church male quartet and establishing his own church-related music publishing company in Atlanta.〔William Jensen Reynolds, ''Companion to Baptist Hymnal'' (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1976), p. 444, ISBN 0-8054-6808-0.〕
=="Old-Time Religion"==
In 1889 Tillman was assisting his father with a tent meeting in Lexington, South Carolina. The elder Tillman lent the tent to an African American group for a singing meeting on a Sunday afternoon. It was then that young Tillman first heard the spiritual "The Old Time Religion" and, not letting either racial prejudice or plagiarism interfere with his artistic vision, quickly scrawled the words and the rudiments of the tune on a scrap of paper. Tillman published the work to his largely white church market in 1891.〔William Jensen Reynolds, ''Hymns of Our Faith'' (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1964), p. 423. Reynolds gives the date of the tent meeting as 1891, but it is elsewhere widely indicated by others as 1889; the confusion may be that Tillman published it in his (''Revival'' ) songbook for 1891, where it appears as Item 223.〕 Tillman was not first in publishing the song, an honor which goes to G. D. Pike in his 1873 ''Jubilee Singers and Their Campaign for Twenty Thousand Dollars''.〔(Nashville: Lee And Shepard, 1873), Item 198.〕 Rather, Tillman's contribution was that he imported the song into the repertoire of white southerners, whose influence formed much of the blend known as southern gospel, which in turn became a distinct influence on rock and roll, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, the Beatles, etc. As published by Tillman, the song contains verses not found in Pike's 1873 version. These possibly had accumulated in oral tradition or/and were augmented by lyrics crafted by Tillman. More critically, perhaps, Tillman's published version of the tune has a more-mnemonic cadence which may have helped it gain wider currency. Tillman's emendations have characterized the song ever since, in the culture of all southerners irrespective of race.〔See the "Old Time Religion" article.〕 The SATB arrangement in Tillman's songbooks became known to Alvin York and is thus the background song for the 1941 Academy Award film ''Sergeant York'', which spread "The Old-Time Religion" to audiences far beyond the South.〔William Shiver, ("Stories behind the Hymns: Old Time Religion" ) in ''Lincoln Tribune'' (Lincolnton, North Carolina), 2008 August 17.〕 Following Tillman's nuanced example, editors with a largely white target market such as Elmer Leon Jorgenson〔In Jorgenson's ''Great Songs of the Church'', Number Two Edition (Louisville: Word and Work, 1937), the song is Item 275. Jorgenson also, like Tillman, put both gospel songs and stately hymns into the same book. Tillman augmented his ''Revival'' hymnal in successive editions, its more-formal or high-church items lending broader credibility to the inclusion of the selections which formed so much of the basis for southern gospel.〕 formalized the first line as "'Tis the old-time religion" (likewise the repeated first line of the refrain) to accommodate the song more to the tastes of white southern church congregations and their singing culture.〔For the various phrases which have been employed for the first line, see the "Old-Time Religion" article.〕
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